Papaya fruit is commonly consumed fresh as a dessert or juice. Papaya is a tropical fruit that is available throughout the year. Taking these facts into consideration, papaya seed may be used as feed ingredient to reduce feed cost as well as functional feedstuff to improve the health and well-being of poultry. Papaya seed also contains some functional properties that may act as growth promoters, antimicrobial and antiparasitic factors, and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agents for poultry. Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) seed is one of the agro-industrial by-products that have been included in poultry rations, due to its substantial amounts of crude protein, fat, and ash. Dealing with environmental pollution and high cost of poultry feed, the utilization of agro-industrial by-products as feed ingredients is beneficial for the environmental health and sustainable poultry production. This review provides the updates on the nutritional contents of papaya seed, the potential of papaya seed as an alternative to conventional protein-rich ingredient, the growth-promoting effect of feeding papaya seed, the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of papaya seed, antioxidative activities of papaya seed, and the immunomodulatory activity of papaya seed on poultry.Īgro-industrial by-products have recently attracted a growing interest from the nutritionists as feed ingredients for poultry. The in-depth study is needed to further elucidate the functionalities of papaya seed onpoultry. Moreover, the growth promoting effect, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities, and immunomodulatory and antioxidative activities may confirm the potential of papaya seed as a functional feedstuff that could replace the role of antibiotic growth promoters for poultry. With crude protein of 24-30%, in vitro protein digestibility of 80% and proportion of essential amino acids of 47%, seed from ripe papaya may be exploited as the alternative protein feed ingredient for poultry. The plant itself is not toxic, but it is used as a digestive aid because of the presence of enzymes that help digest protein.The steady increase in the price of protein feed ingredients and the retraction of antibiotics from diets has encouraged nutritionists to search the alternatives for protein source and functional feedstuffs that can substitute the role of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. Papaya sap can be slightly caustic, so it's best to avoid the sticky white sap whenever possible. Male plants have smaller yellow or white flowers that grow on pendant stalks. Female plants have fragrant white flowers that emerge from the axis between the stem and leaf. It's unlikely indoor papaya will flower, but if it does, you'll find out if your plant is male or female. As the plant grows, the lower leaves will yellow and fall off, leaving behind half-moon shaped leaf scars. Also, like the banana, it's an extremely fast-growing semi-woody plant with large leaves that are the very essence of the tropics. Papaya plants grow in similar situations to bananas, requiring bright light, humidity, heat, plenty of fertilizer, and water. If you live in a warm enough climate (no frost), you might be able to transplant the papaya outside. At the end of the season, cut the papaya off at the soil level and let the other plants fill in. It's best to grow them in fairly large containers (at least three gallons) as part of a mixed container. Unless you live in USDA Zone 9b or higher, your papaya is a single-season novelty plant. Papaya plants grown from seeds should only be repotted once: from the container you started the seed into a larger permanent container. Seeds sprout quickly, and the plants will begin rapid growth. To sprout papaya seeds, place them in seedling starting soil and keep moist and warm.
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